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Neonatology at a Glance
Neonatal encephalopathy is a clinical description of generalized
disordered neurologic function in the newborn. The most common
cause is birth asphyxia. Asphyxia, from the Greek word meaning
pulseless, is now used to mean a state in which gas exchange –
placental or pulmonary – is compromised or ceases altogether,
resulting in cardiorespiratory depression. Hypoxia, hypercarbia
and metabolic acidosis follow. Compromised cardiac output diminishes tissue perfusion, causing hypoxic–ischemic injury to the
brain and other organs. The origin may be antenatal, during labor
and delivery or postnatal (Fig. 14.1).
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